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Resource Documents: Europe (37 items)
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Performance of Wind Farms in the United Kingdom and Denmark
Author: Hughes, Gordon
Executive Summary 1. Onshore wind turbines represent a relatively mature technology, which ought to have achieved a satisfactory level of reliability in operation as plants age. Unfortunately, detailed analysis of the relationship between age and performance gives a rather different picture for both the United Kingdom and Denmark with a significant decline in the average load factor of onshore wind farms adjusted for wind availability as they get older. An even more dramatic decline is observed for offshore wind farms . . .
More »Quantifying the visual impact of wind farm lights on the nocturnal landscape
Author: Bará, Salvador; and Lima Raul
Highlights— A model for quantifying light pollution from wind turbine lights is proposed. Brightness of lights from wind turbines can far exceed that of the brightest stars. The visual range of wind farms at night is generally larger than at daytime. A study of the visual impact at night of four prospective windfarms is presented. The model proposed may be used in environmental impact and landscape assessments. ABSTRACT— Wind farm lights are a conspicuous feature in the nocturnal landscape. Their . . .
More »Influence of wind on kittiwake Rissa tridactyla flight and offshore wind turbine collision risk
Author: Davies, Jacob; et al.
Abstract – Offshore windfarms are a potential threat to seabirds, partly due to collision risk with turbine blades. Wind influences the mode, height and speed of seabird flight, and therefore the risk of collision with turbines. We investigated how wind influences the flight of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, a gull of conservation concern, in order to incorporate these findings into collision risk estimates and identify mitigation measures. We used GPS telemetry data (23rd June to 10th August 2021) from 20 . . .
More »Offshore Wind Turbine Visibility and Visual Impact Threshold Distances
Author: Sullivan, Robert; et al.
[Abstract] Potential visual impact on coastal lands has emerged as a major concern in the development of offshore wind facilities in the United States and Europe. Optimal siting of offshore facilities requires accurate knowledge of the relationship between distance and the visibility of wind turbines. Past assessments of offshore wind turbine visibility were based on smaller turbines and facilities in use at the time and underestimate visibility for current projects, which use more and larger larger turbines. This study is . . .
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