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Resource Documents: Environment (275 items)
Unless indicated otherwise, documents presented here are not the product of nor are they necessarily endorsed by National Wind Watch. These resource documents are shared here to assist anyone wishing to research the issue of industrial wind power and the impacts of its development. The information should be evaluated by each reader to come to their own conclusions about the many areas of debate. • The copyrights reside with the sources indicated. As part of its noncommercial educational effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe “fair use” as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar “fair dealing” provisions of the copyright laws of other nations.
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern
Author: Garthe, Stefan; et al.
[abstract] The North Sea is a key area worldwide for the installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). We analysed data from multiple sources to quantify the effects of OWFs on seabirds from the family Gaviidae (loons) in the German North Sea. The distribution and abundance of loons changed substantially from the period before to the period after OWF construction. Densities of loons were significantly reduced at distances of up to 9–12 km from the OWF footprints. Abundance declined by 94% . . .
More »The extent of windfarm infrastructures on recognised European blanket bogs
Author: Chico, Guaduneth; et al.
Abstract. Peatland environments are the Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon store and have the potential to act as carbon sinks. However, the development of windfarms on peatlands is affecting their morphology, hydrology, ground-level climate conditions, carbon functions and vegetation, and long-term consequences still need to be assessed. Blanket bogs are a rare type of ombrotrophic peatland that are typical of oceanic areas with high precipitation and low temperatures. Their distribution has been mapped across Europe, where they are mainly located on . . .
More »Chemical Products Used and Stored
Author: US Wind
The below table provides a preliminary list of chemical products to be used on the Project (if stored volume exceeds United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reportable Quantities); the volume stored on location; their treatment, discharge, or disposal method and location; and any other necessary permit(s) pertaining to these chemical products. It is not anticipated that any additional permits will be required. The list below is preliminary and will be updated in the Facility Design Report and Facility Installation Report.* . . .
More »Oils, Fuels, and Greases
Author: Kitty Hawk Wind
Table 3.2-12 Preliminary Summary of Oils, Fuels, and Greases for Construction and Operations* Chemical Type Description Use/Location Approx. Volume Frequency of Transfer Treatment or Disposal Transformer oil (WTG and ESP) Bio-degradable oil or highly refined mineral oil Main 220/66 or 220/132 kV Transformers, 220 kV shunt reactors, 66 or 132 kV aux. transformers & 66 or 132 kV grounding reactor 6,000 L per WTG 466,400 L on ESP Not anticipated; only changed if needed To be brought to designated O&M . . .
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