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Resource Documents: Offshore (26 items)
Unless indicated otherwise, documents presented here are not the product of nor are they necessarily endorsed by National Wind Watch. These resource documents are shared here to assist anyone wishing to research the issue of industrial wind power and the impacts of its development. The information should be evaluated by each reader to come to their own conclusions about the many areas of debate. • The copyrights reside with the sources indicated. As part of its noncommercial educational effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe “fair use” as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar “fair dealing” provisions of the copyright laws of other nations.
Offshore reference pages: NOAA and BOEM
Author: National Wind WatchNational Wind Watch
NOAA Fisheries [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] Incidental Take Authorizations for Other Energy Activities (Renewable/LNG) This page lists Incidental Take Authorizations for energy activities other than oil and gas (including renewable energy activities and LNG). Active and Closed Unusual Mortality Events Since 1991, marine mammal unusual mortality events (UMEs) have been declared. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management State Activities BOEM facilitates the responsible development of renewable energy resources on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf.
More »Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern
Author: Garthe, Stefan; et al.
[abstract] The North Sea is a key area worldwide for the installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). We analysed data from multiple sources to quantify the effects of OWFs on seabirds from the family Gaviidae (loons) in the German North Sea. The distribution and abundance of loons changed substantially from the period before to the period after OWF construction. Densities of loons were significantly reduced at distances of up to 9–12 km from the OWF footprints. Abundance declined by 94% . . .
More »Construction & Operations Plan: oils, fluids, and lubricants
Author: Ocean Wind
8. Waste Management and Chemicals 8.1. Chemicals Table 8.1-1. Summary of maximum potential volumes oils, fuels, and lubricants per wind turbine generator. System/Component Oil/Fuel Type Oil/Fuel Volume Bearings and Yaw Pinions Grease* 187 gallons Hydraulic Pumping Unit, Hydraulic Pitch Actuators, Hydraulic Pitch Accumulators Hydraulic Oil 40 gallons Drive Train Gearbox (if applicable), Yaw Drives Gearbox Gear Oil 106 gallons Transformer Dielectric Fluid 1,585 gallons Emergency Generator Diesel Fuel 793 gallons Switchgear Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) 243 lbs Transformer and Converter Cooling . . .
More »Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms
Author: Hutchison, Zoë; Secor, David; and Gill, Andrew
ABSTRACT. As offshore wind energy production increases, the number of subsea cables will proliferate along with associated electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions. Understanding how EMF interactions (a potential pressure) affect resource species (receptor) requires an improved knowledge base to aid management decisions. Within the framework of a potential effect on a receptor, we review key aspects of assessing EMF exposure. From the vantage point of the receptor species, we consider how their perception of EMF varies through time as a consequence . . .
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