Resource Documents: Norway (9 items)
Unless indicated otherwise, documents presented here are not the product of nor are they necessarily endorsed by National Wind Watch. These resource documents are shared here to assist anyone wishing to research the issue of industrial wind power and the impacts of its development. The information should be evaluated by each reader to come to their own conclusions about the many areas of debate. • The copyrights reside with the sources indicated. As part of its noncommercial educational effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe “fair use” as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar “fair dealing” provisions of the copyright laws of other nations.
Gone with the wind? Wind farm–induced wakes and regulatory gaps
Author: Finserås, Eirik; et al.
Abstract – Wind farm–induced wakes can propagate dozens of kilometres, decreasing the power production and the fatigue lifetime of wind turbines between neighbouring farms. This phenomenon termed hereinafter “wind theft”, may lead to legal conflicts between wind farm operators and even States as power production from a wind farm is affected by the wake effects generated by another, reducing power output. Wind theft can substantially slow down the development of offshore wind if it is not regulated by a clear legal . . .
More »“We have been invaded”: Wind energy sacrifice zones in Åfjord Municipality and their implications for Norway
Author: Karam, Anne; and Shokrgozar, Shayan
ABSTRACT. Following the “green” growth tradition, the construction of lower carbon energy (renewable energy) infrastructures, such as wind power, has gained prominence in Norway. This has led to indigenous Saami herders confronting pastureland dispossession, some citizens fearing the industrialization of nature, and municipal councils losing formal governance power in favor of national agencies and private-sector project developers—justified by the urgency of the climate crisis. The purpose of the paper is to explore how energy infrastructures aimed at decarbonization have led . . .
More »Ice throw from wind turbines: Assessment and risk management
Author: Bredesen, Rolv
[excerpts] What is in-cloud icing? If temperatures are below 0°C and the structure is located inside a cloud (above cloud base height) we get in-cloud icing. The ice accretion rates increases with the relative windspeed and the moisture content of the cloud. Because the blade of a wind turbine moves fast there is an elevated hazard associated with ice throw and fall from turbines located in icing conditions. How far can the ice be thrown? Maximum throw distance (screening) : 1.5 . . .
More »Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Author: Cresci, Alessandro; et al.
Abstract – High-voltage direct current (HVDC) subsea cables are used to transport power between locations and from/to nearshore and offshore facilities. HVDC cables produce magnetic fields (B-fields) that could impact marine fish. Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is a demersal fish that is at risk of exposure to anthropogenic B-fields. Their larvae drift over the continental shelf, and use the Earth’s magnetic field for orientation during dispersal. Therefore, anthropogenic magnetic fields from HVDC cables could alter their behavior. We tested the behavior . . .
More »
