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Resource Documents: Technology (173 items)
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Unless indicated otherwise, documents presented here are not the product of nor are they necessarily endorsed by National Wind Watch. These resource documents are shared here to assist anyone wishing to research the issue of industrial wind power and the impacts of its development. The information should be evaluated by each reader to come to their own conclusions about the many areas of debate. • The copyrights reside with the sources indicated. As part of its noncommercial educational effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe “fair use” as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar “fair dealing” provisions of the copyright laws of other nations.
Oils, Fuels, and Greases
Author: Kitty Hawk Wind
Table 3.2-12 Preliminary Summary of Oils, Fuels, and Greases for Construction and Operations* Chemical Type Description Use/Location Approx. Volume Frequency of Transfer Treatment or Disposal Transformer oil (WTG and ESP) Bio-degradable oil or highly refined mineral oil Main 220/66 or 220/132 kV Transformers, 220 kV shunt reactors, 66 or 132 kV aux. transformers & 66 or 132 kV grounding reactor 6,000 L per WTG 466,400 L on ESP Not anticipated; only changed if needed To be brought to designated O&M . . .
More »Oils, Fuels, Gases and Lubricants
Author: Sunrise Wind
Table 3.3.1-2. Summary of Maximum Potential Volumes, Oils, Fuels, Gas and Lubricants for the Onshore Converter Station Onshore Converter Station Equipment/System Oil/Fuel/Gas Type Total Oil/Fuel/Gas Volume (2) High-Voltage Shunt Reactor (fixed) Mineral Oil Dielectric Fluid 26,640 gallons (gal) (100,844 liters [L]) (2) High-Voltage Shunt Reactor (variable) Mineral Oil Dielectric Fluid 37,000 gal (140,060 L) (4) 345/275-kV Grid Transformers Mineral Oil Dielectric Fluid 37,693 gal (107,014 L) Gas-Insulated Switchgear Bay Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) 3,500 lbs Table 3.3.6-2. Summary of Maximum Potential . . .
More »Construction & Operations Plan: oils, fluids, and lubricants
Author: Ocean Wind
8. Waste Management and Chemicals 8.1. Chemicals Table 8.1-1. Summary of maximum potential volumes oils, fuels, and lubricants per wind turbine generator. System/Component Oil/Fuel Type Oil/Fuel Volume Bearings and Yaw Pinions Grease* 187 gallons Hydraulic Pumping Unit, Hydraulic Pitch Actuators, Hydraulic Pitch Accumulators Hydraulic Oil 40 gallons Drive Train Gearbox (if applicable), Yaw Drives Gearbox Gear Oil 106 gallons Transformer Dielectric Fluid 1,585 gallons Emergency Generator Diesel Fuel 793 gallons Switchgear Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) 243 lbs Transformer and Converter Cooling . . .
More »Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms
Author: Hutchison, Zoë; Secor, David; and Gill, Andrew
ABSTRACT. As offshore wind energy production increases, the number of subsea cables will proliferate along with associated electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions. Understanding how EMF interactions (a potential pressure) affect resource species (receptor) requires an improved knowledge base to aid management decisions. Within the framework of a potential effect on a receptor, we review key aspects of assessing EMF exposure. From the vantage point of the receptor species, we consider how their perception of EMF varies through time as a consequence . . .
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