German wind power irks neighbouring grids: Wynn 

Increasing German renewable power is under-cutting wholesale electricity prices across its borders, which may harm energy investments in neighbouring countries.

The overall picture is of widening impacts on grids across central Europe from the ramp up in German renewables.

German solar power generation was up 47 percent in the first half of 2012 compared with the same period last year, and wind power generation up 21 percent, data from the Fraunhofer Institute show.

One impact from rising intermittent German wind power generation in the north of the country is of electricity spilling into neighbouring networks en route back into southern Germany or Austria, called loop flows.

Another is of rising exports of cheaper, intermittent power, undercutting the economics of baseload power in Germany’s neighbours.

Exports of German power to the Czech Republic, for example, are up four-fold in the first 10 months of the year compared with the same period in 2010.

A group of four east European grid operators, from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, has argued to split the Germany-Austria bidding zone, limiting the geographical area across which bidders can purchase wholesale power directly at the same price.

Their stated aim is to tackle loop flows, which they complain are using up grid capacity and destabilising networks.

But another effect would be to reduce competition with cheap, volatile wind power, for example for Czech exports of nuclear power to Austria.

Germany prefers to upgrade its internal grid, which should reduce loop flows.: Chancellor Angela Merkel’s cabinet on Wednesday agreed to accelerate such upgrades.

The disagreement is evidence of widening impacts from Germany’s decision to shift from nuclear into renewable power.

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Chart 1: link.reuters.com/bav74t

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BIDDING ZONES

At present, bidding areas in European energy markets are largely divided along national borders with exceptions, for example, where Germany and Austria are a single zone. By contrast Italy, Sweden and Norway are fragmented.

Germany and its east European neighbours differ on how to deal with loop flows.

A report prepared for the German grid regulator Bundesnetzagentur last year argued loop flows were a result of a shift towards European Union market integration.

“Loop flows are technically inevitable, they occur irrespectively of the existence of congestion, and they need to be accepted according to EU law. Consequently, the occurrence of loop flows does not constitute a reason for altering the size of bidding areas,” said the report – “Relevance of established bidding areas” – prepared by Frontier Economics and Consentec.

Central and east European grid operators disagreed in a report of their own, “Bidding zones definition”, in March.

“We strongly believe that fundamental corrections in the definition of bidding zones should be introduced as soon as possible in order to improve the efficiency of coordinated capacity calculation and allocations, as well as to avoid the further escalation of insecure grid operation in the CEE region,” the grid operators said.

The report illustrated the difference between scheduled and physical electricity flows across German borders.

The idea is that smaller bidding zones will bring sources of supply and demand closer, avoiding unplanned routes.

The discussion of loop flows hides another, potentially more political issue, however, regarding the trade impact of rising German wind power.

For Germany, exporting wind power via large bidding zones and closer market integration will help the country manage its increasingly intermittent generation.

For the Czech Republic, however, it undermines the country’s own export market for baseload generation, and potentially the investment case for majority state-owned utility CEZ to build two new nuclear reactors.

BORDER FLOWS

Germany is a net exporter of electricity to its neighbours in aggregate, the Fraunhofer Institute data show, although that picture varies country by country.

Germany is consistently a net importer from the Czech Republic, according to electricity exchange data from the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSOE).

But German exports to the Czech Republic in the first 10 months of this year have risen more than four-fold compared with the corresponding period in 2010, the ENTSOE data show.

Over the same time period Czech exports have been steady, leading to a shrinking export surplus. (See Chart 1)

A trend of rising German exports in the past three years corresponds with renewable power reaching significant levels.

VOLATILITY

Wind and solar power get preferential grid access on the basis of their zero fuel and marginal costs.

The result is lower and more erratic wholesale power prices when German wind is available, not only in Germany but in eastern Europe, according to the European Commission’s “Quarterly Report on European Electricity Markets”

“In January 2012 monthly average power prices in the Central East European Region (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) reached their lowest levels since autumn 2010,” the first quarter review reported.

“This was mainly due to a milder-than-usual weather and the abundant wind and solar power generation in Germany.

“Price volatility reached particularly high levels in the second half of January when the impact of renewable generation in Germany and rapidly changing demand from the Balkans exerted an influence.”

The position of the EU’s executive Commission remains to be seen, while it is a strong proponent of free trade and efficiency in power markets.

But the strength of feeling in eastern Europe countries suggests one way or another they will seek to shield themselves from the ramp up in German renewable power. (Reporting by Gerard Wynn; Editing by Anthony Barker)