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Seawater intake and discharge for offshore substation cooling: Sunrise Wind Project
Author: | Environment, Massachusetts, Rhode Island
Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Sunrise Wind Project: Volume 1
(https://www.boem.gov/renewable-energy/state-activities/sunrise-wind-final-environmental-impact-statement-feis-commercial)
Operation of the OCS-DC [offshore converter station] would require the continuous withdrawal and discharge of non-contact cooling water. The daily DIF [design intake flow] for the OCS-DC would be 8.1 mgd [million gallons per day], and the daily average intake flow would range from 4.0 to 5.3 mgd. The maximum daily average discharge temperature would be 90°F, and the daily average discharge temperature would be 86°F. The vertical discharge pipe would be oriented downward in the water column, and the thermal effluent would be discharged at a depth of 40 ft (12 m) below local MSL [mean sea level].
The CWIS [cooling water intake system] would contain an electrochlorination system that would produce chlorinated seawater to prevent biofouling within the system (TRC 2021). The chlorinated seawater would be taken up with raw seawater and directed through the Heat Exchange System and the Dump Caisson. The chlorine concentration that would be added would range from 0.5 ppm up to 2 ppm during infrequent shock dosing. The amount of chlorine added to the seawater would be automatically adjusted so that the chlorine would be completely consumed by potential biofouling organisms within the system to minimize or eliminate the release of hypochlorite through the Dump Caisson. Thus, the release of hypochlorite to the seawater is unlikely to occur. (3-54–55)
The OCS-DC would withdraw seawater for cooling and discharge the heated effluent to the surrounding environment. The withdrawal of raw seawater would occur through a CWIS to dissipate heat produced through the AC to DC conversion and then discharge this heated water as effluent to the marine receiving waters. The DIF for the OCS-DC is 8.1 mgd; however, the average intake flow would generally range from 4.0 mgd to 5.3 mgd. (3-136)
During operation, the OCS-DC would require continuous cooling water withdrawals and subsequent discharge of heated effluent back to the receiving waters. The maximum DIF and discharge volume is 8.1 mgd. … Operation of the seawater cooling system could potentially impact prey species for marine mammals. (3-268)
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